Ultrasound examination in the second and third trimester Aleksandra Mikic Novakov, MD, PhD Article Published: Jun 28, 2002 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Normal fetal morphology Transverse section of the skull at the biparietal diameter level complete ossification of the skull choroid plexuses fill the anterior and posterior horns of the lateral ventricles anterior and posterior horns less than 10 mm (Va/Hem ratio less than 0.5) Biometry of the skull and brain at the biparietal diameter level measurement of biparietal diameter (BPD), occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), head circumference (HC), anterior horn of the lateral ventricle (Va), posterior horn of the lateral ventricle (Vp) and hemisphere (Hem) Transverse section of the skull at the level of the posterior fossa cerebellum exists, normal shape vermis seen in whole cisterna magna bigger than 3.5 mm nuchal fold less than 5 mm. Biometry of the skull and brain at the level of the posterior fossa Measurement of : transcerebellar diameter (TCD), cisterna magna (CM), nuchal fold (NF) Transverse section of the head at the level of the orbits orbits of the same size normal interorbital diameter lenses visible measurement of IOD Hard palate continuity of the hard palate Coronal section of the face continuity of the upper and lower lip normal shape of the nostril the tip of the nose and the chin seen at the same time Fetal profile nasal bone seen normal size and shape of the chin, nose and forehead Neck continuity of the cervical spine and the skin that covers it Chest lungs of normal echogenicity, homogenous apex of the heart points to the front and left right chamber closer to the thorax, seems shorter and coarser than the right one both ventricles of the same size both atria of the same size continuity of the interventricular septum continuity of the interatrial septum Heart - left ventricle outflow tract continuity of the interventricular septum and front wall of the aorta Heart - great vessels longitudinal section of the pulmonary artery transverse section of the aorta Heart - longitudinal section of the aortic arch aortic arch with the branches for head and neck (t. brachiocephalicus, a. carotis communis sin, a. subclavia sin) Longitudinal section of the fetus - chest and abdomen diaphragm completely divides thorax from the abdomen stomach in the abdomen only thorax of the normal size compared to the abdom en Abdomen - measurement of abdominal circumference continuity of the ribs stomach at the left, normal size and shape measurement of the abdominal circumference Abdomen - umbilical cord insertion complete continuity of the abdominal wall normal cord insertion Kidneys normal echogenicity of the parenchyma anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis 5 mm and less Bladder normal size and shape of the bladder Fetal sex- female / male Arm and hands both hands seen at the same time or enough away from each other to be sure that they both exist all phalanx seen extension of all the fingers on both hands normal length and form of all the long bones movements seen in all the joints Leg and foot both feet seen five toes, normal position of the big toe normal position of the foot, shin and thigh normal length and form of all the long bones movements seen in all the joints Spine - longitudinal section continuity of the spine and the skin above it Spine - transverse section three ossification centres form closed circle continuity of the skin above the spine Spine - coronal section three parallel lines Umbilical cord three vessels in the umbilical cord - one vein and two arteries Uterine cervix measure the length of the cervix check whether there is funneling Discussion Board Start a discussion about this article Add to Favorites Favorite