Total anomalous pulmonary venous return, supracardiac type

Rasha Kamel, MD.; Sameh Abdel Latif Abdel Salam, M.Sc.; Islam Badr, M.Sc.;

Rasha Kamel, MD.1Sameh Abdel Latif Abdel Salam, M.Sc.2; Islam Badr, M.Sc.3;

1. Fetal medicine unit, Kasr Alainy hospital, Cairo University, Egypt.
2. Radiology department, Kasr Alainy hospital, Cairo University, Egypt.
3. Fetal medicine unit, Kasr Alainy hospital, Cairo University, Egypt.

 

Case report

A 23-year old woman (G1P0) was referred to fetal medicine unit at Cairo University for detailed fetal cardiac assessment. Ultrasound examination at 25 weeks of pregnancy revealed the following findings:

- Single ventricle of left morphology with common AV canal.

- Double outlet morphology of both great vessels with parallel course. The ascending aorta was cephalad to the main pulmonary artery which showed relatively small size compared to the ascending aorta denoting evidence of pulmonary stenosis. Right sided aortic arch was also noted without evidence of coarctation.

- Left SVC directly draining into the left sided atrium with absent right SVC.

- A retro cardiac common pulmonary vein draining all right and left pulmonary veins and then ascending on the right aspect of the mediastinum passing anterior to right lung hilium (in front of right pulmonary artery and right main bronchus) in a vertical pathway to drain into inominate vein (Color Doppler showed opposite flow direction between the left SVC and the ascending vertical vein).

- Dextrocardia with situs ambiguous. The stomach was seen on the left side with central liver and ambiguous distribution of umbilical vein into portal sinus. Both aorta and IVC were seen on the right side (juxtaposed).

- Most of small bowel loops on the contra lateral aspect of the stomach suggesting gut mal rotation.

Our final diagnosis was supra cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into inominate vein with single ventricle, double outlet morphology, pulmonary outflow obstruction, common AV canal and single left SVC without systemic outflow obstruction.
This combination of complex congenital heart disease in association with situs ambiguous and juxtaposed aorta and IVC as well as dextrocardia is in favor of the diagnosis of right atrial isomerism with more likely associated gut mal rotation based upon its great incidence in cases of heterotaxy syndromes (approximately 30%) as well as the discordant location of small bowel loops and stomach.

Parents refused termination and a male baby (3200 g) was born with fair general condition and systemic saturation reaching 90% denoting mild form of pulmonary stenosis and unobstructed TAPVD.

Owing to absent pulmonary venous obstruction, unrestricted shunting between systemic and pulmonary aspects of the heart (due to complete mixing of blood at atrial and ventricular levels attributed to common AV canal and single ventricle physiology), common AV valve regurgitation and mild form of pulmonary stenosis that did not cause significant reduction of pulmonary arterial blood flow with relative decrease in size of pulmonary branches, the postnatal course was uneventful and the surgeon asked for staged repair, initial correction of TAPVD without need for systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt, then univentricular repair.


Images 1-5 ; videos 1-3: show single ventricle, common AV valve, double outlet morphology of the mal posed great vessels with mild pulmonary outflow obstruction.

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Images 6-11 ; videos 4-8: 2D, color and pulsed Doppler images showing the retro cardiac common pulmonary vein with the ascending vertical vein (with color Doppler opposite flow direction with left SVC) draining into inominate vein.

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Image 12-15 ; videos 9 and 10: axial 2D showing situs ambiguous, juxtaposed aorta and IVC, Normal hepatic venous connections into IVC, ambiguous distribution of umbilical vein into portal sinus and discordant location of small bowel loops and stomach.
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Image 16 and 17 ; videos 11-14: Glass body volume rendering showing parallel course of great vessels and the retro cardiac common pulmonary vein.

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